A mood disorder is a mental health condition that primarily affects a person's persistent emotional state. Mood disorders can dramatically impact daily functioning and quality of life. The two main categories are:
- Depressive disorders - These involve feelings of intense sadness, hopelessness, and loneliness. Examples include major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and seasonal affective disorder.
- Bipolar disorders - These involve cycles of high energy with feelings of euphoria (mania) alternating with low mood periods. Examples are bipolar I and bipolar II disorder.
What causes mood disorders?
Research shows mood disorders likely arise from a complex mix of factors:
- Brain chemistry - Neurotransmitter abnormalities in the limbic system, which regulates emotion, can contribute to mood disorders. For example, low levels of serotonin are associated with depression.
- Hormones - Changes in reproductive, thyroid, and adrenal hormones may play a role in some mood disorders. Postpartum depression, for instance, may relate to shifts in estrogen and progesterone after giving birth.
- Genetics - Mood disorders tend to run in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition. But specific genes have been hard to pinpoint.
- Environmental stress - High stress, trauma, loss, relationship conflicts, socioeconomic disadvantages, etc. can significantly impact mood. Both nature and nurture influences are usually at play.
What are common symptoms?
Those with clinical mood disorders often experience:
- Loss of interest/joy in normal activities
- Change in appetite and sleep habits
- Fatigue, low energy
- Difficulty concentrating
- Feelings of worthlessness, guilt
- Thoughts of death or suicide
The specific symptoms and their severity vary amongst the mood disorder subtypes. Manic phases of bipolar disorder also involve symptoms like impulsiveness, racing thoughts, and risk-taking behaviors.
How are mood disorders treated?
Today mood disorders are highly treatable conditions. Treatment is tailored to the individual but often involves:
- Medications - Antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics can help manage symptoms.
- Psychotherapy - Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) helps patients modify negative thought patterns and behaviors.
- Light therapy - Exposure to artificial broad spectrum light benefits some with seasonal affective disorder.
- Alternative approaches - Meditation, supplements (like Omega-3s), and lifestyle changes may augment traditional treatments.
The combination of medication and CBT is quite effective for many people. Support groups and education also empower those struggling with mood disorders. Most can regain a healthy, stable mood with proper care from providers like Balance Hormone Center.
So in summary, mood disorders severely impact mood, thoughts, and functioning. But causes involve complex interactions between biological, genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Thankfully various medical and psychological treatment options exist today to successfully manage these conditions.